Improvement of data refresh rate for dual serial port to universal serial bus acquisition system

Before the Universal Serial Bus (USB) Technologies has become popular, there are a lot of software and hardware computer peripheral development based on traditional external interface like General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB- IEEE488), parallel port, serial port and PS/2. Developing these custom software and hardware computer peripheral is less difficult as compared to peripheral that is designed based on USB. The main reason for the difficulty is that the USB is designed to be user friendly but not developer friendly. For that reason, many developers will maintain using the traditional port when designing their custom application. To support traditional interface on newer PC with only USB port, there are devices in the market to convert the old external port to USB. One of the converters is the USB to dual serial converter. In the market, there are products which are readily available. However, it lacks of certain capability such as the ability to access serial port simultaneously which reduce the data refresh rate. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss technique in designing a USB to serial converter with capability of connecting two serial devices which is accessible simultaneously to improve the data refresh rate

A low power and high performance hardware design for automatic epilepsy seizure detection

An application specific integrated design using Quadrature Linear Discriminant Analysis is proposed for automatic detection of normal and epilepsy seizure signals from EEG recordings in epilepsy patients. Five statistical parameters are extracted to form the feature vector for training of the classifier. The statistical parameters are Standardised Moment, Co-efficient of Variance, Range, Root Mean Square Value and Energy. The Intellectual Property Core performs the process of filtering, segmentation, extraction of statistical features and classification of epilepsy seizure and normal signals. The design is implemented in Zynq 7000 Zc706 SoC with average accuracy of 99%, Specificity of 100%, F1 score of 0.99, Sensitivity of  98%  and Precision of 100 % with error rate of 0.0013/hr., which is approximately zero false detectio

Characterization of Collagen (IV) mRNA in Cell Lines of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer incidence rate has increased in the 5 recent years with 14% increases in mortality. The structural change in the collagen chain has led to alterations in the cancer cells. Various biological processes, such as differentiation or gene expression, are regulated through extracelullar matrix (ECM)[1]. The restructuring of the collagenous architecture in the hypoxic microenvironment may influence the invasive growth of the cancer cells. With the increased stress within the cell, the invasion of cancer cells into the ECM was triggered. This cell lines model would enable the exploration of the relationship between the extracellular matrices component and the tumor proliferation. The aim of this study is to characterize the collagen (IV) mRNA expression in the breast cancer cell. Breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines were cultured and harvested upon confluent. The RNA was extracted from the cell lines and then the cDNA were synthesized. The collagen (IV) mRNA levels in breast cancer cell lines were measured using real time PCR and GAPDH was used as an internal control. The level of COL4A2 (IV) mRNA expression was higher compared with COL4A1 (IV) mRNA. The level of COL4A5 (IV) mRNA was reduced significantly in breast cancer cells lines. Overall, the expression of COL4A1-A6 (IV) was reduced. The reduced amount of collagen (IV) in breast cancer cell lines suggested that the collagen was restructured and this has triggered the tumor invasion into the ECM

Investigation on the difference expression of type IV collagen α1(IV)- α6(IV) chain mrna in normal fibroblast and in skin cell malignant melanoma

Collagen IV is the major basement membrane protein that influences adhesion, proliferation, and migration of cells. The collagen composed of a network chains α1 to α6. The characterization of this collagen IV will correlates the relationship of collagen gene expression and cancer. This is important in order to provide more detailed understanding of the expression of collagen in tumor cells. . The aim of this study is to determine the α1 to α6 (IV) mRNA expression in the cell lines obtained from skin and melanoma cell. To investigate the mRNA expression, the RNA was extracted from the fibroblast and melanoma (A375) cell lines. The RNA was subjected to reverse transcription and then synthesized. The mRNA expression levels were measured using real time PCR with related to internal control, GAPDH. The study identified that α1, α2, α4, α5 and α6 of the α1-α6 (IV) were expressed in skin fibroblast. This corresponds to the α1α1α2 and a5α5α6 networks. However, in melanoma cell lines the collagen IV α2, α4, α5 and α6 mRNA was observed in low level compared to α1 and this suggested that the tumor has affected the expression of collagen and basement membrane of the cell